What is the preferred solution during surgical procedures?

Normal saline is the preferred solution during surgical procedures primarily due to its composition and properties that align with the needs of patients undergoing surgery. It is an isotonic solution that closely matches the body's own saline concentration, making it effective in maintaining fluid balance without altering electrolyte levels. This stability is crucial during surgeries as it minimizes the risk of complications associated with fluid shifts or electrolyte imbalances.

In addition, normal saline can also be used for fluid resuscitation and to maintain hydration, which is essential when patients may not be allowed to eat or drink before the procedure. It is also versatile enough for various uses, such as flushing wounds and IV lines, which further cements its utility in a surgical setting.

While options like water, lactated Ringer's, and dextrose have their applications, they do not offer the same level of compatibility with the body's natural saline levels. For instance, plain water can lead to hemolysis if used intravenously due to its hypotonic nature, and while lactated Ringer's is effective for certain conditions, it is not as universally preferred for standard surgical procedures as normal saline. Dextrose solutions are primarily used for providing calories and are not typically used for hydration alone in surgical contexts.