What can happen if compartment syndrome is not treated?

Compartment syndrome is a serious condition that occurs when there is an increase in pressure within a closed muscle compartment, which can impair blood flow and tissue perfusion. If not promptly treated, the elevated pressure can lead to tissue necrosis, which is the death of tissue due to a lack of oxygen and nutrients. This necrosis can result in permanent damage to muscles and nerves within the affected compartment.

As the condition progresses, the pressure can become high enough to completely obstruct blood flow, exacerbating tissue injury and increasing the risk of complications such as amputation or severe functional impairment. Therefore, recognizing and managing compartment syndrome in a timely manner is crucial to prevent tissue necrosis and preserve the function of muscles and nerves.